要先安裝 minicom

# yum install -y minicom

在設定 minicom

# minicom -s

選 “Serial port setup” 由

Serial Device : /dev/modem

改為

Serial Device : /dev/ttyUSB0

記得 “Save setup as dfl”

如果你直接打 minicom 指令進入 minicom 也是可以設定
先按 Ctrl + A 再按 Z 在選 O

# vos changeaddr -remove -oldaddr SERVER_NAME

Removed server SERVER_NAME from the VLDB.

# dsmc q backup -inactive xxx.php
ANS1677W The MAILPROG option is ignored because it is no longer supported.
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager
Command Line Backup/Archive Client Interface
Client Version 5, Release 5, Level 1.0
Client date/time: 11/24/2009 14:13:30
(c) Copyright by IBM Corporation and other(s) 1990, 2008. All Rights Reserved.

Node Name: LIHO.TW
Session established with server BKSRV_AIX: AIX-RS/6000
Server Version 5, Release 4, Level 3.0
Data compression forced on by the server
Server date/time: 11/24/2009 14:13:29 Last access: 11/24/2009 13:54:10

Size Backup Date Mgmt Class A/I File
—- ———– ———- — —-
8,268 B 03/12/2009 13:47:46 DEFAULT I /afs
/home/USERNAME/xxx.php

# dsmc restore -inactive xxx.php
ANS1677W The MAILPROG option is ignored because it is no longer supported.
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager
Command Line Backup/Archive Client Interface
Client Version 5, Release 5, Level 1.0
Client date/time: 11/24/2009 14:14:33
(c) Copyright by IBM Corporation and other(s) 1990, 2008. All Rights Reserved.

Node Name: LIHO.TW
Session established with server BKSRV_AIX: AIX-RS/6000
Server Version 5, Release 4, Level 3.0
Data compression forced on by the server
Server date/time: 11/24/2009 14:14:32 Last access: 11/24/2009 14:13:29

Restore function invoked.

** Interrupted **
ANS1114I Waiting for mount of offline media.
<< Restoring 8,268 /home/USERNAME/xxx.php [Done]

Restore processing finished.

Total number of objects restored: 1
Total number of objects failed: 0
Total number of bytes transferred: 3.35 KB
Data transfer time: 0.00 sec
Network data transfer rate: 152,698.86 KB/sec
Aggregate data transfer rate: 0.04 KB/sec
Elapsed processing time: 00:01:17

Google Chrome OS 又名 Google OS.

我到 gdgt 下載了 VMware 版本的Chromium OS 玩. 不確定裡面有沒有spyware. 所以我註冊了一個新的 google 帳號就只為了玩 Google OS. 這個版本應該不是 google 的人 build 的. 不知道有多可靠? Chromium OS 開機速度真是驚人. 在我的 VMware 只花10秒鐘就開起來了. 下面是它的畫面 :

Chromium OS 登入畫面. 直接使用 Google 帳號密碼就可以了.

登入中…

這是 Google OS 目前內建的版面.

裡面就是一個 Chrome 瀏覽器

簡單來說 Google OS 就是一個非常陽春的作業系統. 裡面只跑一隻程式, 那叫做 Google Chrome 瀏覽器. 這也是為什麼 Google 努力的在開發他們自己的瀏覽器. 而且提出一些新的觀念. 以往的瀏覽器都是使用同一隻 Process 然後再開很多 Threads . 如果某個tab當機或是吃資源吃太重. 就會導致整個瀏覽器不能運作. Google Chrome 瀏覽器. 就是 fork 出很多 Processes 使得每個頁面都擁有自己的資源. 當某個 Process 當掉的時候不會導致 Google Chrome 瀏覽器當掉. 我在測試 Google OS 的時候, 就嘗試把所有的 tab 關掉. 不管我怎麼關閉. 最後還是跑出一隻 Google Chrome 瀏覽器. 有點像是踩不死的蟑螂. 另外, 在 gdgt 下載的那個版本不太穩定常常當機. Orz.

用來跑 Google OS 的電腦不需要很強的CPU, 也不需要很高的記憶體. 甚至還不需要很大的硬碟. 我認為現今的 Netbook 來跑 Google OS 就很夠用了. 只是螢幕可能需要大一些. Google OS 所有的應用程式都在網路上. 換而言之, 沒有網路那台電腦就廢掉了. 除非 Google 把 Google Gear 寫得非常完善. (Google Gear 是用來處理離線的工具) 雖然我知道這是一個很嶄新的革命. 很顛覆傳統的作法. 但是, 我相信短時間內 Google OS 還是沒辦法普及. 甚至沒辦法取代現在的使用者的習慣. 大家都還是習慣有硬碟的生活. 放照片影片在自己的硬碟內. 來來很有可能 Google 提供非常大的硬碟空間. 或許要付費. 縱使Google解決了網路空間的問題. 但是他們還要面對網路頻寬不夠的問題. 現階段光是處理照片上傳就要很久. 況且未來的照片解析度會越來越高. 所以我看 Google OS 短時間內很難生存得下去.

你可以到 The Chromium Projects 了解更多 Chromium OS的訊息. 也當然可以下載他們的原始碼. 自行建立自己的 Google OS 版本.

這裡可以看到更詳細的解說 :

What is Google Chrome OS?

在3分鐘附近可以看到 Google OS 的真面目. 也能體驗一下到底 Google OS 開機速度有多快.

Chromium OS Fast Boot

另外我不是在唱衰 Google OS. 我只是認為還有一段很長的路要走. 例如 Google Docs 要更完善的功能. 例如預覽列印. 甚至 Google OS 裡面要能調整螢幕解析度. 還有如果 Google OS 裡面能有 iTunes 會更好. 當然如果他能與手機裝置同步也不錯. 甚至 Google OS 裡面還是沒有類似 photoshop 的軟體. 當然我是個重度需要 terminal 工作的使用者. 如果沒有 terminal 我就很難工作了. 所以短時間. Google OS 對我來說還是沒辦法滿足我的需求.

# yum clean metadata
# yum clean all

這好像是萬能的.之前也有遇過這樣類似的問題.

An alternate way to mount an NFS share from another machine is to add a line to the /etc/fstab file. The line must state the hostname of the NFS server, the directory on the server being exported, and the directory on the local machine where the NFS share is to be mounted. You must be root to modify the /etc/fstab file.

The general syntax for the line in /etc/fstab is as follows:

server:/usr/local/pub /pub nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr

The mount point /pub must exist on the client machine. After adding this line to /etc/fstab on the client system, type the command mount /pub at a shell prompt, and the mount point /pub will be mounted from the server.

用yum安裝 fuse fuse-ntfs-3g dkms dkms-fuse 指令如下 :
# yum –enablerepo=dag install fuse fuse-ntfs-3g dkms dkms-fuse

用了linux那麼久了. 今天才知道這個功能. 真是要打屁股!!

先印出 cpuinfo 的資訊這樣看下列範例會比較清楚.
# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 4
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.20GHz
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2800.000
cache size : 2048 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 3
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc up pni monitor ds_cpl est cid cx16 xtpr
bogomips : 6388.48

假設我要抓 CPU 資訊 model name. 指令為 :
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model\ name

model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.20GHz

要抓 CPU 資訊及前一行指令為 :
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model\ name -B1

model : 4
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.20GHz

要抓 CPU 資訊及後一行指令為 :
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model\ name -A1

model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.20GHz
stepping : 3

要抓 CPU 資訊及前後兩行指令為 :
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model\ name -C2

cpu family : 15
model : 4
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.20GHz
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2800.000

我 Linux 學藝不精. 之前, 都以為執行某個程式. 那個 terminal 必須要掛著不能登出(log off). 原來只要加個 nohup 就可以登出了.

# nohup /xxx/xxx/test.exe &

lacp 全名是 Link Aggregation Control Protocol. 它是 IEEE 標準規格 802.3ad. 可以將上許多不同的實體連接埠(port)邏輯的共同結合在一起, 視為一條線路. 作這樣的設定好處有. 可做到failover, 還有加速. (話雖如此我還沒感受到它加速的威力. 還不知到怎麼測試).

首先你要先組態(config) Cisco Switch.
1. 關掉你要設定的 ports

# configure terminal
# interface range GigabitEthernet 1/0/1-2
# shutdown

2. 設定你要合併的 ports, 在這裡我多設定VLAN 500.

#  switchport access vlan 500
# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
# switchport trunk native vlan 500
# switchport trunk allowed vlan 500
# switchport mode trunk
# switchport nonegotiate
# speed 1000
# channel-group 1 mode active

3. 檢查你剛剛的設定

# show running-config
(omit)
!
interface Port-channel1
 switchport access vlan 500
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport trunk native vlan 500
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 500
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport nonegotiate
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 description tonnerre-inside1
 switchport access vlan 500
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport trunk native vlan 500
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 500
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport nonegotiate
 speed 1000
 channel-group 1 mode active
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
 description tonnerre-inside2
 switchport access vlan 500
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport trunk native vlan 500
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 500
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport nonegotiate
 speed 1000
 channel-group 1 mode active
!
(omit)

4. 設定spanning-tree 模式為 pvst (這我還不太清楚為什麼?)

# configure terminal
# spanning-tree mode pvst

5. 啓用剛剛關掉的那些 ports

# configure terminal
# interface range GigabitEthernet 1/0/1-2
# no shutdown

6. 檢查 lacp 狀態

# show lacp internal
Flags:  S - Device is requesting Slow LACPDUs
        F - Device is requesting Fast LACPDUs
        A - Device is in Active mode       P - Device is in Passive mode     

Channel group 1
                            LACP port     Admin     Oper    Port        Port
Port      Flags   State     Priority      Key       Key     Number      State
Gi1/0/1   SA      bndl      32768         0x1       0x1     0x15        0x3D
Gi1/0/2   SA      bndl      32768         0x1       0x1     0x16        0x3D 

# show lacp neighbor
Flags:  S - Device is requesting Slow LACPDUs
        F - Device is requesting Fast LACPDUs
        A - Device is in Active mode       P - Device is in Passive mode     

Channel group 1 neighbors

Partner's information:

                  LACP port                        Admin  Oper   Port    Port
Port      Flags   Priority  Dev ID          Age    key    Key    Number  State
Gi1/0/1   FA      32768     0017.xxxx.xxxx   0s    0x0    0x64   0x15    0x3D
Gi1/0/2   FA      32768     0017.xxxx.xxxx   0s    0x0    0x64   0x16    0x3D

在RHEL5的設定如下 :
1. 編輯 eth0, eth1

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no

2. 建立 bond0.

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETWORK=10.1.0.0
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
IPADDR=10.1.1.241
USERCTL=no

3. 設定 bond0 module

# vi /etc/modprobe.conf
alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 mode=4 miimon=100 lacp_rate=1

mode=0 (balance-rr)
Round-robin policy: Transmit packets in sequential order from the first available slave through the last. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

mode=1 (active-backup)
Active-backup policy: Only one slave in the bond is active. A different slave becomes active if, and only if, the active slave fails. The bond’s MAC address is externally visible on only one port (network adapter) to avoid confusing the switch. This mode provides fault tolerance. The primary option affects the behavior of this mode.

mode=3 (broadcast)
Broadcast policy: transmits everything on all slave interfaces. This mode provides fault tolerance.

mode=4 (802.3ad)
IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Creates aggregation groups that share the same speed and duplex settings. Utilizes all slaves in the active aggregator according to the 802.3ad specification.

4. 重新啓動網路

# service network restart

5. 檢查lacp狀態

# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

802.3ad info
LACP rate: fast
Active Aggregator Info:
        Aggregator ID: 1
        Number of ports: 2
        Actor Key: 17
        Partner Key: 2
        Partner Mac Address: 00:1c:f9:xx:xx:xx

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:1e:c9:xx:xx:xx
Aggregator ID: 1

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:1e:c9:xx:xx:xx
Aggregator ID: 1

這樣就完成了. 我還有很多不懂的地方.還需要慢慢學習.